Monday 22 February 2016

VEDIC EDUCATION -GURUKULA SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION

The education system which was evolved first in ancient India is known

as the Vedic system of education. In other words, the ancient systems of

education were based on the Vedas and therefore it was given the name

of Vedic Educational System. Ancient education emerged from the Vedas.

They are supposed to be the source of Indian philosophy of life. Vedas

means ‘to know’.


Vedas occupy a very important place in the Indian life. The basis of Indian

culture lies in the Vedas which are four in number – Rigveda, Samveda,

Yajurveda, and Atharavaveda.



Some scholars have sub divided Vedic Educational period into

Rig Veda period, Brahmani period, Upanishada period, Sutra (Hymn)

period, Smriti period etc but all these period, due to predominance of the

Vedas, there was no change in the aims and ideals of educations. That is

why, the education of these periods, is studied under Vedic period. The

education system that prevailed during the Vedic times had some unique

characteristics. Education was confined to the upper castes, and to those

who were Brahmacharis. In Indian tradition, a person’s life cycle is divided

into four stages of which ‘Brahmacharis’ is the second phase. This is the

time set aside for learning and acquiring skills. During Vedic period, most

of the upper castes, which were either Brahmins or Kshatriyas, had their

education in a unique system called ‘Gurukulas’.

               The most important contribution of ancient India not only for

India but also for the world is in the field of education. It may also be

remembered that education is not an abstract term. It is manifested in the

cultural economic, individual, philosophical, scientific, social and spiritual

advancement. In other words, education is the means for developing the

mind for the betterment of the individual and society.

In the words of Albert Einstein, “We owe a lot to the Indians who taught us

how to count without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have

made.” This word shows the importance of Vedic period and ancient Indian

education.

MAIN FEATURES OF THE VEDIC EDUCATION

             In ancient India teaching was considered to be holy duty which

a Brahman was bound to discharge irrespective of consideration of the

fee teacher were expected to devote their lives to the cause of teaching

in the missionary spirit of self-sacrifice, and the society laid down the

principal that both the public and state should help the learned teachers &

educational institutions very liberally. Society realized that “Vidyadana” or

the gift in the cause of education was to be the best of gifts, possessing

a higher religious merit than even the gift of land. On the occasion of

religious feats, students and teachers were invited and donations were

given liberally.

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